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    4/22/2006

    饥饿让人更聪明

     
    美国科学家最近获得的一项研究成果证实,饥饿会提高人们的学习能力和记忆力,让人更聪明。
     
    据《自然神经学》杂志报道,此前已有研究发现,人饥饿时胃黏膜中会产生一种名为“GHRELIN”激素,它对于人的食欲有重要影响。而耶鲁大学的科学家塔马斯·霍瓦特和他的同事等新近研究发现,这种激素还对大脑中负责学习区域内的神经细胞有影响。动物试验表明,这种激素能够显著促进实验鼠的学习能力和记忆力。

      科学家解释说,这种激素在胃黏膜中产生后借助血液循环进入大脑,能够引起一系列的反应,诸如激发脑垂体中许多不同的生长因子等,而这又将引起大脑其他区域内的连锁反应,从而起到改善大脑功能的效果。

      通过对照试验,科学家进一步证实了这种激素的作用。科学家通过基因改造去除了一些实验鼠体内与该激素相关的基因,而后通过“迷宫认路”的试验来考察这些实验鼠的学习能力和记忆力,结果发现这些改造后的实验鼠在迷宫中的表现明显逊色于那些正常的实验鼠。而一旦恢复那些经改造的实验鼠体内的该激素水平,那么这种表现差异则显著消失。

      科学家指出,这是因为这种激素能够在大脑海马区刺激神经细胞之间的通信,而该区域正担负着形成记忆与加深记忆的功能。那些被基因改造后的实验鼠,其大脑海马区中的神经突触比正常的实验鼠少了25%。

      科学家认为,研究如何通过营养供给来调节学习能力和记忆力非常有意义,这可能为人类开发出针对学习认知困难等相关疾病的新疗法提供帮助。
     

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